Aaron Eichelbum

First Name: 
Aaron
Last Name: 
Eichelbaum
Mentor: 
Dr. Dina Kapetangianni
Abstract: 
This project will examine the current usage of general extenders (GEs) in Southern American English dialects, analyzing it for grammatical change and frequency changes compared to previous studies. General extenders most simply consist of a connect (and or or) followed by a generic noun (Tagliamonte 2010). They can also host quantifiers before the generic noun, such as something, nothing, and everything. They also may follow with a comparative phrase (Tagliamonte 2010). Ex. 1 “Um desserts and cakes and cookies and stuff like that.” (S07) It's expected that the findings correspond with previous research in that GE is not significantly affected by one's education background and that usage may be increased depending on the age of the individual.The importance behind this research is two-fold. The first reason is that it increases our understanding of GEs in different communities than those that have already been researched. This research would fill the current gap in knowledge and give us a greater comprehension on the evolution of GEs in the Anglophonic world. Secondly, the data can be used to reconfirm previous discoveries about the use of general extenders in regard to demography, likely concurring with Cheshire’s (2007) data findings that show education to have no impact on the use of general extenders. Previous studies find that the overall frequency of general extenders in total is not determined by one's education or socioeconomic origin, but rather are regularly used along all demographics, only the form of general extender used may differ by subject group, as well as a slight yet consistent increase in usage amongst younger populations (Dines, 1980; Cheshire, 2007; Tagliamonte & Denis, 2010). While not much research has been done into the development and change of general extenders in the United States, English studies have been done in the UK (Cheshire, 2007) and Canada (Tagliamonte, 2010) to study the overall trends general extenders are taking in modern society. These studies have found that socioeconomic background may alter the types of nouns used in GEs towards phrases such as “and that” as opposed to “and things.” The question this project hopes to answer is whether there are noticeable trends in GE token usage in Southern American English in regard to education, age, or gender. Using the Nationwide Speech Project, a corpus of American English dialects that includes several Southern speakers, as well as the open source portion from the CALLFRIEND corpus, a corpus made from specifically Southern American English speakers, one can extract and code GE usage from several unscripted conversation transcripts for natural discourse.
Poster: 
A Grammatical Analysis of General Extenders in Southern American English