The atrocities that occurred in the nations of the former Yugoslavia were ones of unspeakable horror. Since the start of the Yugoslav Wars in 1991 and the massacres that occurred soon after, hundreds of thousands of people were killed and millions displaced. The United Nations formed the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia in 1993 in order to prosecute those who violated international law and committed these atrocities. Since then over 5000 witnesses have testified in the ICTY trials, many of whom were victims of crimes themselves. One critical issue that confronts the ICTY and all international tribunals is how to protect these witnesses from retaliation: What kinds of safety measures really keep them safe? The purpose of this research is to investigate the safety of witnesses before and after testifying, and to evaluate the safety measures in the ICTY and the Victim and Witnesses Section (VWS).